居民能源消费行为研究评述

家庭能源消费已经成为能源需求增长和碳排放增长的主要来源,在此背景下,居民能源消费行为研究发展迅速,成为国内外理论研究中的前沿科学问题.本文首先从环境心理学、社会学、消费经济学和产业生态学四个学科视角分别介绍现有文献对居民能源消费行为影响因素的研究,并对四个学科领域的研究特点、贡献和不足进行分析.其次对居民能源消费行为引导政策的相关研究进行综述,从政策的分类、内容和作用等方面对现有研究进行总结,并对信息、经济、技术以及法律和行政手段四类政策的特点进行比较分析.最后,提出现有研究中存在的主要问题:①缺乏综合宏观及微观视角的理论和实证研究；②缺乏对居民能源消费行为的动因、约束和路径等深层次问题的分析；③缺乏结合我国情境的居民能源消费行为引导政策研究.基于此,探讨了该领域研究的前景.

A Review of the Energy Consumption Behavior of Residents

Household energy consumption has become a major source of growth in energy demand and carbon emissions. The study of residential energy consumption has developed rapidly,and remains a progressive theoretical problem. Here,we review research on the factors that influence residential energy consumption from four perspectives:environmental psychology,sociology, consumer economics and industrial ecology. Environmental psychology has the greatest contribution to this research field through qualitative analysis and empirical study. Sociology looks at households as behavior main bodies,but neglects resident individual characteristics and lacks qualitative studies. Consumer economics focuses on decision-making analysis for residential energy consumption,but neglects the effects of resident attitudes,cognition and social norms on behavior. Industrial ecology emphasizes the energy consumption and environmental impact generated by household consumption,but lacks complete data banks in China. We also review guiding policies for residential energy consumption behavior. The review shows that informational interventions have an indirect and slow impact on behavior,but the effect is long-lasting;economic interventions influence the behavior directly and fast,but lose efficacy sooner;technological interventions achieve a direct,fast and lasting effect on behavior;legal interventions have a fast effect via compulsory force and remain effective in the short to medium term. We discuss some main limitations of the present work such as a lack of theoretical and empirical studies that combine both macro and micro features;a lack of intensive analysis on the causes,restraints and pathways for residential energy consumption behavior;and a lack of policy studies on guiding residential energy consumption behavior in a Chinese context.