运动训练分期理论的本质、现状和发展前景

运动训练分期理论由Л.П.马特维也夫为代表的前苏联学者们创立于20世纪60年代。运动训练分期理论的核心是通过训练大周期的分期形成竞技状态,以便使运动员能在奥运会等重大国际比赛中以最大概率获得优异的运动成绩。阐述了形成竞技状态的客观规律性作为训练分期的自然依据;训练大周期作为形成竞技状态的完整结构单位;"波浪型"负荷动态是形成竞技状态的必要条件;"延缓传导"现象反映了负荷量动态与竞技状态之间的联系;竞技状态在全年训练过程中可能出现的次数;分析了近年来对运动训练分期理论出现某些不同的看法;同时分析了全年多周期方案的特点,阐述了现代阶段运动训练分期理论的特点和发展前景。

The Essence, Current Situation and Development Prospect of Sports Training Periodization

The periodization of sports training was established by Russian scholars represented as L.P.Matveev in 1960s.The core concept of theory of sports training periodization is to maintain athlete’s sport form by dividing big training circle into different phases,which would support athlete to achieve outstanding performance during international major events with maximum possibilities.This paper uses the principles of enhancing sport form as the natural basis for periodization,forming comprehensive and systematic unit based on big training circle,using ’wave mode’ training load as necessary condition to improve sport form,reflection of the ’delayed transformation’ phenomenon to the relationship between training load and sport form,frequency of peak performance occurred during the whole year,and also the essence and reason for emerging controversial discussion to theory of sport training periodization.Meanwhile,this paper investigates the characteristics of annual multi-circle approach,and also discusses the characteristics and future prospects of contemporary stage-based theory on sports training periodization.