论兴奋剂案件中过错程度的证明

当样本检测呈阳性后,运动员要证明自己无过错必须证明禁用物质是如何进入体内的以及自己已经尽了最大的谨慎义务。对象认识的错误、第三人过错、丧失行为能力、食用受污染的公共食品等都可成为证明自己无过错的理由。运动员可以因为对医生合理的信赖、尽了善意的努力、年青和缺乏经验、诚实、情况紧急等原因证明自己无重大过错。国际体育仲裁院对过错程度认定的判例有利于增强反兴奋剂斗争的效果,但其过于谨慎的做法容易引发不公平裁判且导致判例的指引作用减弱。建议国际体育仲裁院将"成本效益"标准作为一个重要的考量因素,国际反兴奋剂机构缩小可供选择的营养品范围,继续扩充WADC的细则,明示运动员的行为标准。

Discussion on Proof of the Degree of Fault in Doping Case

After the sample tested positive,the athlete who wants to show his no fault should prove how the prohibited substance enters his body and that he has exercised the utmost caution.The mistake of fact,the mistake of the third party,the absence of conduct capacity,and the contaminated dairy food can prove the no fault.The athlete can prove his no significant fault when he reasonably trust a doctor or exercise the effort in good faith or when he is young and inexperience or honest or meet the emergence.The jurisprudence of the court of arbitration for sport about the proof of degree of fault is favorable toward heighten the effect of anti-doping combat,but it’s unduly care way is easy to cause injustice and the jurisprudence is lack of guiding effort.It is suggested that the court of arbitration for sport consider the "cost and benefit" standard and the world anti-doping agency,decrease the supplements which can be chosen by the athlete and explain the anti-doping code in details by summary the valuable jurisprudence to clarify the conduct standard for the athlete.