妨害兴奋剂管理罪的教义学思考

国外关于兴奋剂犯罪的法益观主要有财产法益观、生命健康法益观和复合法益观，借鉴意义在于，应当根据兴奋剂犯罪在刑法分则体系中的位置和相关行政法的规定来确定兴奋剂犯罪的保护法益。从我国妨害兴奋剂管理罪在分则体系中的地位及相关行政法的规定来看，该罪的法益包括公平的体育竞争秩序和运动员的生命健康。妨害兴奋剂管理罪的"情节严重"是说明法益侵害程度的客观的构成要件要素，其内容不应当包括"受过行政（刑事）处罚""造成严重恶劣社会影响"以及"国家工作人员"身份，但可以包括"多次使用兴奋剂或对多人使用兴奋剂""造成一人以上轻伤""对未成年人、残疾人使用兴奋剂"等反映法益侵害程度的情形。组织未成年人、残疾人在体育竞赛中使用兴奋剂的，成立虐待被监护、被看护人罪与妨害兴奋剂管理罪的想象竞合犯，应择一重罪从重处罚。

Dogmatics of Crime of Obstructing Doping Management

In the foreign countries, the legal interests of doping crime mainly include property legal interests, life and health legal interests and compound legal interests. The enlightenment is that the legal interests of doping crime should be determined according to the position of doping crime in the criminal law system and the relevant administrative law. From the position of the crime of obstructing doping management in the system of specific provisions and the provisions of relevant administrative law, the legal interests of the crime include the order of fair sports competition and the life and health of athletes. The "serious circumstances" of the crime of obstructing doping management being the element of constitutive requirements is an objective element which can explain the degree of infringement of legal interests. The content of "serious circumstances" of the crime of obstructing doping management should not include "being subject to administrative(criminal) punishment", "causing serious social impact", and "state personnel" responsible subjects. However, it could include "multiple using or using against multiple people", "more than one person minor injured" and "situations where doping were used for minors and disabled persons". Organizing minors and disabled persons using doping in sports competitions should be regarded as the imaginative joiner of offenses of the crime of obstructing doping management and the crime of abusing the people in custody and tendency, which should be punished heavier as one crime.