日本冰雪运动发展模式及对我国冰雪运动跨越式发展的启示

日本是亚洲传统冰雪运动强国,通过两次举办冬奥会,逐步形成了较为成熟的冰雪运动发展模式。日本通过政府、社会和市场等多主体的密切合作制定了层级分明的《体育基本法》及政策支持体系。日本体育经费投入增长较快、分配合理,场馆建设迅速、运营方式灵活多样,"一贯制"培养体系发展模式为我国实现冰雪运动跨越式发展提供了诸多启发。完善竞技体育治理体系,变革冰雪运动发展方式;从"战略驱动"到"科技驱动"全面提升备战水平,从"要素驱动"到"创新驱动"推动冰雪运动跨越式发展,打造夏冬奥一体化发展模式;统筹规划资金来源与分配,科学布局设施建设与运营;构建"教育普及－社会推广－竞技提高"多边融合的人才协同培养模式;培育冰雪文化,营造社会氛围,加强国际交流,全面提升我国冰雪运动国际影响力。

Development Model of Japanese Winter Sports and Enlightenments to Leapfrog Development of Chinese Winter Sports

Japan is a traditional winter sports power in Asia. Through hosting the Winter Olympic Games twice, Japan has formed a mature development model of winter sports. Through a close cooperation between the government, society and market, Japan has formulated hierarchical Sports Basic Law and supportive policy system. In the recent years, Japan’s sports investment has increased rapidly and its distribution is reasonable. The venue construction is rapid and the operation mode is flexible and diverse. The "Consistent Athlete Training System" and other development modes provide experiences for China’s development of the winter sports, which includes perfecting the management system of competitive sports and changing the development mode of winter sports, improving preparation for competitions from strategic driven to scientific and technology driven, from "factor driven" to "innovation driven" in order to create an integrated development model of Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games. Meanwhile, the distribution of funds should be taken as a whole. The construction and operation of facilities should be arranged scientifically. A multilateral integrated talent collaborative training model of "popularization through school education, promotion through society and improvement through competition improvement" should be built. Winter sports culture through the social atmosphere and international exchanges should be built so as to comprehensively enhance the international influence of China’s winter sports.