我国小企业发展的障碍分析与政策研究

尽管马克思主义经典理论、新古典规模经济理论及新制度经济学等都倡导大企业优势论,但70年代以来小企业在全球范围内的复兴,表明企业规模大小的演变不是直线式的,而是一个动态交替的过程,由于当代诸如网络化和信息化新技术的出现,加强了企业边界的伸缩性,使小企业得以与大企业共存并发挥着重要作用。在此理论分析的基础上,章指出我国小企业发展的主要障碍在于缺乏成长性,原因在于小企业自身及我国企业产权制度、经济体制的缺陷及外部宏观经济环境影响,因此,为促进我国小企业发展,必须落实中央“抓大放小”的政策,从扶持的角度制定推动小企业发展的具体政策措施,包括金融扶持政策、财政扶持政策和社会化服务体系等。

On Obstacles and Policies of Small Enterprises' Development in China

This article points out that Marxism classical theories, Neoclassical theories of scale economy and New Institutional Economics have all advocated the advantage theory of large-scale enterprises, but since the 1970s, the global renewal of small enterprises has been showing that the change of an enterprise's scale is a procession of dynamic substitutions rather than a direct succession. The modern technologies such as network and information have enchanted the shrinkage of the enterprise's verge ,which has made the small enterprises exist with the large-scale enterprises. On the basis of analyzing the theories, the author points out the main obstacle for the small enterprises to develop in China is that they lack sustainable growth abilities-lots of factors have caused the result, such as the shortcomings of the small enterprises themselves, the property right institution and the economy system and the macro-economy circumstance. Hence, in order to prompte the small enterprises' development, the author thinks the policy "taking hold of the large, letting go the small" has to be carried out and the polices and measures to support the small have to be given as soon as possible, including the policies of financial support and the system of the social service, etc.