设施栽培土壤连作障碍成因分析及其修复措施

随着产业结构的调整,我国农业发展已经走向设施栽培和集约化生产的新模式,栽培作物类型也从单一的蔬菜发展到花卉、水果和中草药等多种类型。由于设施蔬菜种植面积的扩大和种植年限的增加,土壤酸化、次生盐渍化等连作障碍问题日益突出。本文主要从土传病害、自毒作用、养分不均、土壤退化、人为原因等方面对设施栽培土壤连作障碍产生的成因进行了探讨分析,并从农技措施、合理施肥、科学灌溉、轮作换茬、嫁接栽培、土壤灭菌、生物修复7个方面提出了相应的修复措施,以期为农业生产中设施栽培提供技术指导。

Causes and Restoration Measures of Soil Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Facilities Cultivation

With the adjustment of industrial structure,agricultural development in China has moved towards a new pattern of facilities cultivation and intensive production,and the types of cultivated crops have also developed from single vegetables to flowers,fruits and Chinese herbal medicines.With the expansion of vegetable planting area and the increase of planting years,soil acidification,secondary salinization and other continuous cropping obstacles have become increasingly prominent.This paper analyzes the causes of soil continuous cropping obstacles in facilities cultivation from soil diseases,self-poisoning,nutrient inhomogeneity,soil degradation and artificial inequity.The corresponding restoration measures are put forward from 7 aspects,such as agronomic measures,rational fertilization,scientific irrigation,crop rotation,grafting cultivation,soil sterilization and bioremediation,to provide technical guidance for facilities cultivation in agricultural production.