由“笙诗”看《毛诗序》完成时间

郑玄认为＂笙诗＂亡于战国及秦之世,实际是为了解释《毛诗序》＂有其义而亡其辞＂所作的一种推测。＂笙诗＂本非《诗经》所有,前人从＂有声无辞＂、编什、篇题重复、＂笙诗＂《序》等方面都作了论述。而从汉代四家《诗》来源看,四家《诗》皆得自＂讽诵＂,三家《诗》却无＂笙诗＂。《诗经》在秦焚书前传播广泛,却没有征引六＂笙诗＂之辞的资料。＂笙诗＂加入《诗经》应在刘歆《七略》成书之后,即哀帝建平元年之后。元始五年,王莽征通知《毛诗》等典籍的异能之士,以民间学术校正学官学术,加入＂笙诗＂的《毛诗》进入官学系统,为人们接受。《毛诗》学者入＂笙诗＂于《诗经》,除受刘歆《移让太常博士书》的启发外,也与人们把经书看作＂应时而作＂、可以损益的观念有关。从《汉书.儒林传》＂由是言《毛诗》者,本之徐敖＂一语来看,入＂笙诗＂于《诗经》的学者很可能就是徐敖。故《毛诗序》最后完成应该在建平元年至元始五年期间。

Deducing the Date of Mao 's Preface of the Book of Songs by the Six Sheng Poems

Zheng Xuan considered the six Sheng poems were disappeared during the Warring States and the Qin Dynasty,actually for the purpose of explaining why the Sheng poems had only titles without lines.But just as some previous scholars has discussed from different aspects,the six Sheng poems may not belong to the Book of Songs at all.They were not mentioned by the other three schools of The Book of Songs in the Han Dynasty.No pre-Qin documents had ever cited any of these six poems.They might have been included int...