清末民初新疆官制的变迁

1884年新疆改制建省的同时,开始对省级行政官制及地方行政官制进行革新,建立起与内地相似的文官制度.至清末新政时,再次对新疆官制进行了调整.辛亥革命爆发后,杨增新根据北洋政府的指令,对清末的官制进行了改革.从新疆建省至民国初年新疆官制经过了三次变迁,官僚机构及官员设置越来越庞大,越来越复杂,官员的任命是换汤不换药,前清的官员摇身一变成为民国职官.尽管如此,因俗而治始终是历代政府治理新疆的思想,在屡次变迁中,新疆与内地的一体化趋势逐渐得到加强.

Changes in the Official System of Xinjiang in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Period of the Republic of China

In 1884 when Xinjiang Province was founded,there were changes of the official system at the provincial and local levels and a system of civil officials similar to that in the interior was established.There was another adjustment in the official system of Xinjiang in the late Qing dynasty when the New Reform took place.After the Revolution of 1911 broke out,Yang Zengxin reformed this official system at the order of the Beiyang Government.The official system in Xingjiang experienced three changes from the late Qing dynasty to the early period of the Republic of China.The structure of bureaucracy and officials became more and more complicated,and the official appointment was a superficial reform,with some officials of the Qing dynasty turning into officials of the Republic of China.However,the control according to the local situations and customs was always the dominant thought in terms of managing Xinjiang,and with such changes in the official system the integration of Xinjiang with the interior was strengthened gradually.