“殊途同归”的区域人才集聚路径 ——基于创新生态系统理论框架的组态分析

影响人才集聚的各种要素相互交织、相互依赖,具有明显的组态特点,因此聚焦创新生态系统多维要素及其要素间的联动效应,立足于五螺旋创新生态系统理论框架,整合模糊集定性比较分析和必要条件分析方法,以中国31个省份作为案例样本,探究创新生态系统五要素即政府、企业、高校及科研院所、公众、自然环境的不同组态影响区域人才集聚的复杂因果机制,明晰促进人才高集聚的路径以及导致人才非高集聚的路径。结果表明：不存在人才高集聚的单一必要条件;实现区域人才集聚所需各要素的贡献水平差异较大,从高到低依次为政府、高校与科研院所、企业、自然环境和公众,其中公众与自然环境水平基本相当;驱动人才高集聚的路径有3类,分别为包容创新驱动型、政产学研联动型和内生增长型,而产生人才非高集聚的路径有两类,为政府公众支持不力型和企业发展滞后型。基于研究发现,最后从“补短板+锻长板”“政府引领+平台赋能”“公共服务升级+公众积极参与”“一流高校为核心+政产学研齐联动”四方面提出促进区域人才集聚的对策建议。

Path of Regional Talents Agglomeration: Configuration Analysis Based on the Theory Framework of Innovation Ecosystem

The factors that influence talents agglomeration are interwoven and interdependent, and have obvious configuration characteristics, therefore this paper focuses on the multi-dimensional elements of the innovation ecosystem and their linkage effects,based on the five helix innovation ecosystem theoretical framework, takes 31 provinces in China as the case samples, uses fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis and necessary condition analysis to explore the complex causal mechanism of the configuration effect of the five elements of the innovation ecosystem, namely government, enterprises, universities, public and natural environment on regional talents agglomeration, and clarify the path that promotes the high agglomeration of talents and the path that leads to the non-high agglomeration of talents.The results show that there is no single necessary condition for high agglomeration of talents.?The contribution levels of all factors required for talents agglomeration varies greatly. From high to low, they are the government, universities and research institutes, enterprises, natural environment and the public, among which the public and the natural environment are basically equivalent.?There are three ways to drive the high agglomeration of talents,which are inclusive innovation-driven, government-industry-university-research collaboration and endogenous growth.?While There are two ways to lead to non-high agglomeration of talents,namely weak support from the government and the public and lagging development of enterprises.Based on the research findings, finally, some countermeasures and suggestions of promoting regional talents agglomeration are put forward from four aspects: "making up the short board+forging the long board", "government guidance+platform empowerment", "upgrading public service+active public participation" and "first-class universities as the core+government-industry-university-research collaboration".