政府碳税和补贴下动力电池回收渠道协调研究

随着新能源汽车大规模使用,动力电池迎来退役潮。在国家双碳目标的指导下,废旧动力电池回收问题亟待解决。文章研究政府向电池生产商征收低碳环保税,对回收企业实施回收补贴的组合政策背景下,分别在单渠道回收模式和双渠道回收模式下对电池生产商主导的闭环供应链进行契约协调,并对组合政策设计的效果进行分析。研究发现：低碳环保税和回收补贴机制能够有效提高废旧电池回收量,组合政策的设计能有效引导动力电池闭环供应链的回收行为。双渠道回收模式下的回收量和企业利润均高于单渠道回收模式下的回收量和企业利润。在回收成本分担-收益共享契约的协调下,废旧动力电池回收量和供应链总利润能够达到集中决策下的理想情况。且在不同回收模式下,当成本分担比例和收益共享比例合理设置时,电池生产商和汽车制造商的利润均高于分散决策时的利润,因此双方都愿意接受该契约。此时,回收成本分担-收益共享契约能够有效协调动力电池闭环供应链。

Research on Coordination of Power Battery Collecting Channels under Government Carbon Tax and Recycling Subsidy

With the large-scale use of electric vehicle(EV), power battery usher in the tide of retirement. Under the guidance of the national carbon peak carbon and carbon neutralization targets, the recycling of waste power batteries needs to be solved urgently. This paper studies the contract coordination of the closed-loop supply chain led by the battery manufacturers under single-channel and dual-channel recycling model from the background of carbon tax for the battery manufacturers and recycling subsidy for recycling enterprises, and analyzes the effect of the portfolio policy design. The results show that the carbon tax and recycling subsidy policy can effectively improve the recycling quantity of waste batteries. The design of the portfolio policy can effectively guide the recycling behavior of the closed-loop supply chain of power battery. The recycling volume and enterprise profit under dual-channel recycling model are higher than those under the single-channel recycling model. Under the coordination of recycling cost-sharing and profit-sharing contract, the recycling volume of waste power batteries and the total profit of supply chain can reach the situation of centralized decision-making. Under different recycling modes, when the cost-sharing ratio and profit-sharing ratio are reasonably set, the profits of the battery manufacturers and the automobile manufacturers are higher than those under decentralized decision-making, so they are willing to accept the contract. This also indicates that the cost-sharing and profit-sharing contract can effectively coordinate the power battery closed-loop supply chain under this condition.