体育比赛中的"choking"现象——一个亟待解决的心理学问题

现代运动竞赛中,运动员在关键时刻以先赢后输的形式丢掉冠军的现象越来越多,心理学上称之为压力下的“choking”,并定义为压力条件下一种习惯的运动执行过程发生技术衰败的现象。本文在综述竞赛中“choking”现象的定义及其理论解释的基础上,探讨了“choking”现象发生的机制及其原因,寻找其预防措施,并分析目前有关“choking”的心理学研究存在的问题及今后研究的方向。旨在引起教练员、体育工作者的足够重视,为提高运动员的竞赛成绩提供参考。

The Phenomenon of "Choking"in Sports Game ——a Ppsychology problem to be solved

In modern athletic contests,a special phenomenon is getting to be increasingly frequent,that is,the athletes first win the game but then lose it and finally lose the champion.This phenomenon is the so called "choking under pressure" in Psychology,which is defined as a phenomenon of technical decline that appears during the process of a habitual motion under pressure.Based upon a review of the definition and theoretical interpretation for the "choking" phenomenon in athletic contests,this paper first discusses the mechanism and causes of the phenomenon,and then explores the preventive measures,and further analyses the problems in present psychological study of "choking" phenomenon and the future study orientation.The author hopes the present paper may call enough attention of coaches and physical workers and offer as a reference for improving the competition performance of athletes.