中国科技创新政策协同演变及其效果：2006—2018

2006年以来伴随科技创新政策的密集推出，中国科技创新政策体系发生了影响深远的重大变化，但目前尚缺乏全面完整地针对2006年来科技创新政策的协同演变及其效果的定量研究。本文在借鉴前人政策测量方法的基础上，以2006—2018年中国科技创新政策为对象，对筛选出的科技创新政策进行量化分析，探索中国科技创新政策协同演变特征，并应用岭回归分析研究科技创新政策力度、协同度和可执行度与创新绩效的关系。研究发现：科技创新政策协同度自2006年始呈上升之势，总效力显著增强。科技创新政策对科技创新绩效产生正向显著影响。政策特征对科技创新绩效的影响存在差异性。越明确的政策方向指引越能促进应用型重大成果的产生,提高创新政策的协同有助于促进中国专利授权量的增长，而促进企业新产品销售收入增长则需相关创新政策在力度、协同度和可执行度三方面的结合。

The synergistic evolution and effects of the science and technologyinnovation policies in China from 2006 to 2018

   Since 2006, the system of China′s science and technology Innovation Policy has been changed profoundly with the intense promulgation of the policies to spur science and technology innovation，among which，the national-level plans, strategies，programs and measures, such as the National Medium and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020), the Outline of the National Strategy of Innovation-driven Development，the measures to vigorously promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, are of great importance. However so far there have been few very recent attempts at comprehensive research in understanding China′s science and technology innovation policies (2006~2018). This study will fill the gap by quantitatively analyzing the evolution of China′s science and technology innovation policies issued from 2006 to 2018 and examining the nexus between the aforementioned policies and China′s innovation performance.In this study, the main valid science and technology innovation policies issued by the central state ministries and commissions are collected and then analyzed on the basis of previous research to evaluate the strength, enforcement and synergy of these policies quantitatively. The evolvements of the synergy and the total efficacy of these policies are dissected and depicted since 2006. The production function model is established and then the ridge regression is applied to examine the relationship between the traits of science and technology innovation policies, from which the following conclusions can be inferred. As a first consequence, the synergy of China′s science and technology innovation policies from 2006 to 2018 is rising significantly with the improvement of the policy-making cooperation among the ministries and commissions under the State Council and the growth of the policies issued by two or more departments. Currently the cooperation of the policymakers regarding the science and technology innovation policies is associated closely with the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. It is a common consensus in China that the national ministries and commissions should take coordinated policy action to promote the science and technology innovation.The second conclusion is that the efficacy of China′s science and technology innovation policies is growing markedly since 2006 along with the increase of the strength of the innovation policies, the comprehensive application of various policy instruments, the policy making cooperation among national departments and the improvement of the policies′ implementation efforts. The efficacy of these policies is underlined by the recent performance of the science and technology innovation in China. Finally, it is confirmed empirically by ridge regression that the science and technology innovation policies have significantly positive effects on the science and technology innovation performance. Meanwhile, differences are observed among various traits of the science and technology innovation policies in their influences on the outcome of innovation. Due to a very great portion of applied research, the major science and technology achievements are most closely affected by the enforceability of the science and technology innovation policy. More major achievements can be produced with a clear and specific orientation stated in the science and technology innovation policies. The enhancement of the synergy of science and technology innovation policy can be conductive to the growth of the invention patent grants, therefore to obtain more independent intellectual property, the policymakers should cooperate more to improve the synergy of the science and technology innovation policy. The sales revenues of new products are mainly influenced by the strength，enforcement and synergy of the science and technology innovation policy so that it is necessary to integrate the three aspects, that is, efficacy, synergy and clarity of the policy, to promote the sales growth of new products.