智能制造生态系统对制造企业智能化转型的影响机理

   为加快制造业向智能制造转型，基于以产品为主线的智能制造合作网络，研究了智能制造生态系统对制造企业智能化转型的影响机理。提出制造企业智能化转型影响机理的研究假设并建立理论模型，基于结构方程模型对路径关系和中介效应进行实证分析。研究结果表明：智能制造生态系统行为特性及演化特性的中介效应显著提升了制造企业智能化转型绩效；智造技术应用过程中，企业间开放感知以及智造联盟的形成推动智能制造生态系统进化完善；合作网络动态性增强、生态系统复杂性提高、智造化标准逐渐形成等形式的智能制造生态系统进化显著促进企业智能化转型。充分利用智能互联推动智能制造生态系统进化，在未来智能化转型工作中应给予重视。

Influencing mechanism of intelligent manufacturing ecosystem on intelligent transition of manufacturing enterprises

   At present, the technological environment of the world′s manufacturing industry is undergoing profound changes. The fourth industrial revolution led by intelligent manufacturing is developing rapidly in European and American developed countries. To adapt to global manufacturing technology innovation, "Made in China 2025" regards "intelligent manufacturing" as a strategic choice for building an innovative country and reshaping the advantages of manufacturing industry based on the deep integration of new generation information technology and manufacturing industry. In order to speed up the transformation of China′s manufacturing industry towards intelligent manufacturing and take the lead in the fourth industrial revolution, this paper explores how the Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem affects the intelligent transformation process of manufacturing enterprises by drawing on the ecosystem theory of biology. A theoretical model was established to explain the influence path of behavior and evolution characteristics of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem on intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises. A structural model was built and tested empirically. This paper studied the internal mechanism and the indirect effects of individual behavior and system evolution in Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem of intelligent transformation in manufacturing enterprises. The conclusion of the study provides theoretical basis and effective suggestions for the breakthrough of "isolated island of technology application", the efficient integration of intelligent manufacturing resources and the acceleration of intelligent transformation of manufacturing industry.     The Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem is composed of intelligent manufacturing resource suppliers, users, government agencies and other necessary participants. These components form a dynamic whole with cooperative relationship to achieve the goal of intelligent manufacturing of products in the manufacturing process. This paper analyzes the behavior and evolution characteristics of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem and proposes the hypothesis about the impact of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem on the intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises. The application of intelligent manufacturing technology is affecting the intelligent transformation. There is mediating effect of the behavior and evolution characteristics of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem in the path between intelligent manufacturing technology and the intelligent transformation. Specifically, intelligent manufacturing technology and environmental sensing have a positive impact on intelligent interconnection. Then those factors can promote the evolution of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem and accelerate the intelligent transformation of enterprises.     In this paper, structural equation model is used to verify the research hypothesis. The application of intelligent manufacturing technology, intelligent interconnection, environmental sensing, system evolution, intelligent manufacturing transformation were developed as latent variables. The latent variables were measured by designing scale and questionnaire. The correlation between variables was analyzed by Amos. The correctness of the theoretical hypothesises were verified through model overall test and direct effect path test. Indirect utility confidence interval and the significance level of indirect effect was reevaluated by using bootstrapping technology. Indirect impact of remote mediation model was Tested by PRODCLIN.      The empirical results show that intelligent manufacturing technology can bring direct transformation benefits to enterprises. To a large extent, the Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem accelerates the intelligent transformation of enterprises and indirectly improves the transformation efficiency. The indirect effect is the mechanism that Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem influences intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises through its individual behavior and evolution characteristics. Further analysis of the empirical results leads to three main conclusions. First, the application of intelligent manufacturing technology enhances the action ability of individuals in the Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem which includes the interconnection level of intelligent manufacturing cooperation network and the ability of sensing and responding to the external environment. The improvement of the level of intelligent interconnection is mainly manifested on the improvement of the internal technology integration and application ability of enterprises and the formation of intelligent manufacturing cooperation network alliance. The improvement of environmental sensitivity is mainly manifested on the promotion of enterprise′s ability of user demand perception and dynamic matching in technical environment based on intelligent manufacturing system. Second, interconnection and open perception among enterprises promotes the evolution of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem, and constantly improves intelligent manufacturing technology standards, industry standards and data standards. The resources of intelligent manufacturing technology have a diversification trend and provide standard and comprehensive technical support for manufacturing enterprises. Third, current data reflect the status that the interconnection of sample enterprises is at low level and the evolution of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem is not perfect according to the point estimates of mediating effect. Therefore, making full use of intelligent interconnection to promote the evolution of Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem is an important way to accelerate the intelligent transformation.     According to the research conclusion, the following management implications are proposed. In terms of enterprise management, manufacturing enterprises should seek sufficient support of intelligent manufacturing resources from Intelligent Manufacturing Ecosystem in the process of building intelligent manufacturing system. On the macro level, industrial alliance mechanism should be used to solve cooperation problems. Government, academic institutions and influential enterprises should lead the formation of Intelligent Manufacturing Alliance. "Chinese standard" for intelligent manufacturing industry should be established.