生命伦理与公共健康伦理的冲突

生命伦理与公共健康伦理所产生的社会背景不同,它们有不同的任务与使命,这使得它们在研究目标、方法、原则、理论基础等许多方面存在着冲突,这些冲突具体表现在以下四个方面:个体善与公共善的冲突;个人自主与政府干预的冲突;义务论与目的论的冲突;自由主义与社群主义的冲突。因此,生命伦理不能作为公共健康伦理的起点,公共健康伦理必须形成自己独立的理论体系,以应对公共健康中不断出现的伦理问题。

On the Conflicts between Life ethics and Public Health Ethics

Life and public health ethics are from different social backgrounds.They have different tasks and missions which bring forth conflicts to the two sides in research objectives,methods,principles,theoretical basis.These conflicts find vivid expression in the following: 1) conflicts between individual good and public good;2) conflicts between individualism and government's interference;3) conflicts between deontology and teleology;4) conflicts between individualism and communalism.Therefore,life ethics can't be taken as a starting point for public health ethics.Public health ethics should form its own theoretical system to cope with ethical problems frequenting public health.