试论“学诗如学仙，时至骨自换”之内涵

黄庭坚“夺胎换骨”法与陈师道《次韵答秦少章》诗中提出的“学诗如学仙，时至骨自换”是宋代诗论中两种不同的“换骨”说。前者源于佛禅话语，是以禅喻诗的著名诗论；后者出自道教内丹学说，是以仙道论诗的典型诗论。陈师道“换骨”说与黄庭坚“学诗如学道”有联系，是指学诗的艺术修养过程，通过勤奋、艰苦的研习，最终达到理想的审美境界。陈师道“换骨”说与内丹炼养有共通性，突出表现在勤奋苦修和养气静心两方面。它对以禅喻诗习气的形成具有先导作用。

Inquiry into the Meaning of "Learning Poems Just Like Practicing Taoism, the Bones Will Change Themselves When It Is the Right Time"

Tingjian Huangts ＂Changing the Bones and Altering the Fetuses＂ method and namely the verse ＂learning po- ems just like practicing Taoism, the bones will change themselves when it is the right time＂ which was written by Shidao Chen in his poem an antiphony to Shaozhang Qin were two quite different kinds of ＂Changing the Bones＂ theories in the Song Dynastyts poetics. The former, which compared poems to Dhyana, originated from Buddhist utterance and was a famous poetic theory; The latter coming from Taoism Inner alchemy theory, was the representative poetic theory which commented on poems with Taoism. The ＂Changing the Bones＂ theory in connection with Tingjian Huang＇s ＂learning poems just like practicing Taoism＂ theory. That is to say, the artistic process of learning poems, an ideal aesthetic stature, was ultimately achieved by diligent and hard study. The similarities between Shidao Chents ＂Changing the Bones＂ theory and Inner alchemy were specially showed by these two as- pects - working hard and keeping a calm spirit. Besides, it led to the formation of the ＂comparing poems to Dhyana＂ habit.