知识经济时代资源开发利用的变化趋势对资源系统的影响及调控

随着人类社会向知识经济时代的过渡，资源开发利用正在发生深刻的变化，主要表现在：1、空间上，从地表向地球深部和外层空间，从陆地向大陆架、深海和远洋发展：2、种类上，从天然食物、农业资源向工业资源（主要是矿产资源）、人力资源和经济资源发展；3、从单一利用向多用途综合里利用发展；4、能源利用上，向环保和持续利用趋势发展，即从传统能源系向新能源和再生能源转变。资源开发利用对资源系统产生深刻的影响，既有正面影响，又有负面影响。其正效应是人类对资源系统认识的深化，资源内含和外延的扩大，自然资源利用数量增长速率的下降，由此而引起的环境负面效益减小；其负效应主要是资源开发深度、广度加大所造成的对生态及人类自身的影响。为了使资源系统朝着良性循环的方向演化，需要强化宏观调控：一是世界各国都应实行可持续发展战略，将人口、经济、社会的发展与资源环境协调；二是发展知识经济，建立适合本国国情的知识创新体系。

The Changing Trends of Resources Exploitation/Utilization and Their Impacts on and Control of Resources System in the Times of Knowledge Economy

With transition of human society from industrial times to knowledge economic times, resources exploitation and utilization have been changing dramatically. The manifestations are: 1) in space, from surface of the Earth to the deep inside and outer space and from land to ocean; 2) in resources varieties, from natural food to agricultural resources, to industrial resources, to human resources, to economic resources; 3) in resources utilization, from single utilization to comprehensive utilization; and 4) in energy utilization, from traditional energy to new and renewable energy, and to environment friendly energy. These changes have greatly affected resources system, including both positive and negative impacts on resources system. The positive impacts include deeper understanding resources system, reducing speed of resources comsumption and applying resources conservation technologies. The negative impacts are the environmental problems caused by unreasonable resources utilization. In order to ensure global resources system to evolve towards virtuous circle, it is necessary to implement the following macro regulation measures in the world: 1) to implement sustainable development strategy and coordinate relationships of population, economic development and environment in all countries; and 2) to develop knowledge economy and establish knowledge innovation system suiting to the country's situation.