调节变量在体育科学研究设计中的理论作用和统计计算

调节变量（moderator）界定着自变量和因变量之间关系的边界条件，是影响自变量和因变量之间关系强度或关系方向的变量。调节变量的引入，往往使科学研究摆脱困境和走向深入。分析了调节变量的性质；介绍了4种不同条件下计算调节作用的统计方法，即1）调节变量与自变量均为类别变量时的统计方法，2）调节变量为类别变量、自变量为连续变量时的统计方法，3）调节变量为连续变量、自变量为类别变量时的统计方法，以及4）调节变量与自变量均为连续变量时的统计方法；还通过实例讨论了调节变量在理论发展过程中的作用。

Function and Computation of Moderator in Sports Scientific Research Design

A moderator refers to a variable which affects the strength and/or direction of the relation between an independent variable and a dependent variable, or in other works, it defines the boundary conditions between an independent variable and a dependent variable. The introduction of moderators often helps scientific research to get out of a jam and to go further. In this paper, the nature of a moderator was discussed and computation methods of moderation in four situations were introduced. These situations include 1) both moderator and independent variables were categorical variables; 2) the moderator was a categorical variable and the independent variable was a continuous variable; 3) the moderator was a continuous variable and the independent variable was a categorical variable, and 4) both moderator and independent variables were continuous variables. The function of moderation in theory development was also discussed with several empirical research examples.