上海市基础教育经费投入均衡性问题 研究

本研究利用2001-2006年上海市各区县小学、初中、高中财政性教育经费的数据,对上海市内各区县间基础教育的均衡发展做出了全面的描述.研究发现,2000-2004年间,上海市区县之间的基础教育、特别是义务教育的不均衡状况呈现出不断扩大的趋势,其中小学阶段最为明显.但是,上述态势从2005年、特别是2006年开始出现了根本性的逆转.尽管上海各区县间不均衡的绝对程度依然比较严重,但是从发展态势来看,已经开始逐步朝着越来越均衡的方向发展,而且这种态势在义务教育阶段表现得尤其突出.此外,本研究还对上海各区县基础教育生均经费是否符合公共教育的"财政中立性"原则进行了检验,多元回归分析的结果表明,区县基础教育生均经费是区县财政水平的显著函数,"财政中立性"原则没有得到验证.因此,本研究认为,上海亟待通过提高市级财政在基础教育中的支付比例来促进辖区内基础教育的均衡发展.

A Probe into the Balanced Expenditure on Basic Education in Shanghai

The study provides an overview of the development of basic education in nineteen districts and counties of Shanghai Municipality based on the data of public educational expenditure collected from primary and secondary schools. It is found that between 2000 and 2004, the imbalance of the development of basic education, especially compulsory education among various districts and counties became increasingly apparent. However, the above-mentioned trend began to reverse itself in 2005. Although the gap remains conspicuous, the imbalance has been gradually rectified since then, especially in terms of compulsory education. The study also analyzes public expenditure on basic education per pupil of various districts and counties to see whether the "fiscal neutrality" principle has been followed. Multiple regression analysis shows that "financial neutrality" principle has not been verified. The study concludes that it is necessary for the municipal government to raise the percentage of public expenditure at the municipal level in the overall expenditure on basic education, so as to promote the balanced development of basic education within Shanghai.