中医科学化的历史观照

在新文化运动和"中西医抗争"中,面对是否"科学"的质疑,近代中医开始了"中医科学化"运动。主张以科学方式整理中医,目的是保存和发展中医。尽管争议不断,中医科学化运动却在深度和广度上的不断扩展,甚至波及解放区的卫生政策。新中国成立后,"中医科学化"沉渣泛起,毛泽东及时发现并予以阻止,但随后逐渐建立的中医方针,仍然背负着"中医科学化"的烙印,始终无法绕过中医"不科学"的悖论。历史的经验反复证明,将中医置于"不科学"的语境下,按照西医"范式"开展的科研、教学、医疗、管理等工作,客观上都是对中医进行肢解和否定,都不利于中医的传承与发展。

The Historical Reflection on the Scientificization of TCM

Since the 1920s and 1930s,Chinese medicine has actively or passively carried out the movement of“scientification of Chinese medicine(TCM)”as a response to the doubt of whether it is“scientific”or not.The purpose is to use“scientific”method to collate and study TCM and make it a systematic science.“Scientification of TCM”has caused many disputes not only between TCM and western medicine,but also in the internal of TCM,which has a far-reaching influence.In the early days of the People’s Republic of China,the Ministry of Health proposed the issue again,and sparked new controversy.Mao Zedong promptly stopped and corrected the mistake of“scientization of TCM”.However,the following health policies,such as“western medicine learning from TCM”,“integration of Chinese and western medicine”and“modernization of TCM”,were all branded with“scientization of TCM”,which restricted the healthy development of TCM to different degrees.Historical experience has repeatedly shown that placing TCM in an“unscientific”context and carrying out scientific research,teaching,medical treatment and management in accordance with the western medicine“paradigm”are objectively dismembering and denying TCM,which is not conducive to the inheritance and development of TCM.