太极拳历史流变及转型发展

研究了太极拳的历史传承和当代发展，得出以下4点结论：1）太极拳的主要流派形成于19世纪末20世纪初，在此之前，太极哲学思想已全面成熟，并在中国文化"下移"的过程中影响到更多地在下层民众中发展的武术；太极拳追求以"整"为基础，以"空"为境界，以"以柔克刚"为技术特征的"技击之道"，太极拳初期的演进都以这种"技击之道"为核心，只是后来才发生了价值异化的流变；2）太极拳在民国时期迎来的有史以来的第一次大发展，当时的太极拳因集中展现了"以巧斗力"的"技击之道"而得到世人青睐；新中国成立后，太极拳因其套路的健身养生价值被充分开发而逐渐发展成为世界第一健身运动，从而迎来了第二次大发展；3）当代太极拳发展存在的主要问题，一是因忽视了原本追求"技击之道"的太极拳而缺乏青少年的身影，二是民间流传的太极拳传承方式落后，传播模式不科学；4）立足于太极拳独特的技击文化，提炼出科学化、文明化的技术体系，开辟青少年市场，是促使太极拳迎来第三次大发展的关键。

Historical Changes and Transitional Development of Taijiquan

In order to promote Taijiquan getting the third great development, the paper used such methods as literature study, visit investigation, logic analysis to study Taijiquan's inheritance and development. Four conclusions were given as follows:1) The main schools of Taijiquan came into being at the turn of the 20th century, before which the philosophy of Taiji was ripe and affected Wushu which belonged to the lower classes in the course of traditional culture. Influenced by philosophy of Taiji and thought of Taoists, Taijiquan quested the way of attack and defense which took "whole" as the basis and "empty" as the extent. The evolution of Taijiquan at the beginning took the way of attack and defense as the core, but undertook a change later. 2) Taijiquan got the first great development during the Republic of China. At that time, Taijiquan were favored by people for it represented the way of a clever fight. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Taijiquan gained its world fitness value of its routine movement form and became more prosperous. 3) The first problem of Taijiquan's modern development lay in the lack of participation of young people because Taijiquan had lost its quests for the way of attack and defense. The second problem was that the inheritance and international communication lagged behind. 4) The key to further promote Taijiquan was to highlight its distinctive attack and defense culture and to refine the scientific and civilized technique system and to hew out youth market.