发展性学习的过程属性及学习中心教学的建构

以素养发展为本的发展性学习发生于学生能动参与的活动之中。发展性学习的过程是学生借助能动改造外部客观世界而能动改造内部主观世界的过程。发展性学习的过程属性集中体现为,学习活动的主体归属是学生,而不是学生之外的他人,学生在学习过程中的主体性具体表现为学习的能动性、独立性和亲历性。发展性学习所特有的过程及其属性,既决定了教师教导的必要性,也决定了教师教导的基本特征。教师教导是使学生成为学习主体并表现学习能动性、独立性和亲历性的条件;为引起和促进学生能动、独立地学习,教师教导在机制、功能及具体方式等方面必须实现相应的转变。发展性学习的过程属性及由其决定的教导过程的特征共同要求,应建立一种以学习为中心的教学结构或教学形态。在学习中心教学中,教师的教导作用主要聚焦于使学生学习成为一种能动、独立的学习,并使这种状态的学习占据教学过程的主要时间和内容空间。

Process Attribute of Developmental Learning and Its Construction of Learning-centered Teaching

Literacy-oriented developmental learning takes place in the activities that students actively participate in. The process of developmental learning is that students actively transform the internal subjective world by means of active transformation of the external objective world. The process attribute of developmental learning is embodied in that the subject of learning activities belongs to students rather than others, and the subjectivity of students in the learning process is embodied in learning initiative, independence and personally experienced. The unique process and attribute of developmental learning not only determine the necessity of teacher teaching, but also determine its basic characteristics. The teacher’s instruction is the condition that makes the student become the subject of learning and shows the initiative, independence and experience of learning. In order to arouse and promote students’ active and independent learning, teachers’ teaching must realize corresponding changes in mechanism, function and specific ways. The process attribute of developmental learning and the characteristics of the teaching process determined by it require the establishment of a learning-centered teaching structure or teaching form. In the learning-centered teaching, the teacher’s teaching function mainly focuses on making students’ learning become a kind of active and independent learning, and making this state of learning occupy the main time and content space in teaching-learning process.