跨学科与博士生培养：美国顶尖研究型大学社科类人才培养研究

跨学科理念滥觞于美国,在知识生产模式转型背景下,由单一学科向跨学科的结合与转变不仅是社会科学发展的内在要求,更是解决日益复杂的现实社会问题的客观需要。当代科学发展与知识创新越来越呈现出学科交叉、融合、渗透以及整体化的趋势,新的知识生产呈现跨学科性的基本特征。知识贵为整体,过度分化的学科知识消解了社会科学研究者对复杂的社会事实与问题的认识能力,以及消解了作为整体的思想活动的能量。跨学科研究与人才培养受复杂问题的解决需求与知识创新的驱动而生,美国研究型大学重审原有培养"学科守门人"的博士生培养模式,将跨学科理念融入博士生培养全过程。跨学科研究与人才培养逐渐成为世界顶尖研究型大学博士生教育改革与发展的重要趋势。本研究通过对美国顶尖研究型大学社科类博士生跨学科培养的理念与实践以及组织制度保障进行研究,为其他研究型大学的跨学科人才培养提供借鉴价值。

Interdisciplinary Doctoral Education :Research on Talents Cultivation in the Social Sciences of American Research Universities

Interdisciplinary studies originated in the United States.As the knowledge production model changes,the combination and transformation from a single discipline to an interdisciplinary science is not only a need for the development of social sciences but also a requirement for solving increasingly complex social problems.Modern scientific development and knowledge production are increasingly interdisciplinary,convergent,and integrating.Knowledge is valuable as a whole,and over-differentiated subject knowledge dissolves researchers’ability to recognize complex social reality as well as the energy of thinking activities as a whole.Thus,interdisciplinary research and education are driven by the need to solve complex problems and pursue knowledge innovation,and have become a key trend in leading research universities.The American research universities have modified the original doctoral education model of preparing stewards of a discipline and have incorporated interdisciplinary concepts into doctoral training.By analyzing the concepts,organization,and practices of interdisciplinary doctoral education in social science fields at top research universities in the United States,the study aims to provide a reference for the development of interdisciplinary talents at other research universities.