浅谈“気持ち”“気分”“機嫌”的异同

“気持ち”“気分”“機嫌”这三个词汇，是日语中出现频率很高的一组近义词。由于它们意义相似．用法相近，所以为日语学习者正确使用它们造成很大的困难。本文作者在对该组词使用场景做了系统研究的基础上，分析了它们的异同，归纳出了一些对学习者如何正确使用它们的方法。这三个词一般可以译为汉语的“心情”、“情绪”、“心境”、“精神”等意思，有时可以互相替换使用，但它们的意义、用法也有一定的区别：“気持ち”既可以表示生理方面上的（呕吐）这层意思，也可以用来表示五官直接的感觉，还可以表示比较具体的“意志”和“希望”。“気分”侧重表示由于生理、精神和心理等原因引起的情绪变化。还可以表示整体气氛。“機嫌”表示心情的安定性和宽容性，不用于表示病状。

On the Usage of ＂Kimoti＂, ＂Kibun＂ and ＂Kigen＂

＂Kimoti＂, ＂Kibun＂ and ＂Kigen＂ are three frequently used synonyms in Japanese. Because of their similarity and subtle differences they always pose great difficulties for Japanese learners. The authors of the article have studied all the possible occasions where they may be used, and summarized some guiding rules for applying the three words appropriately and correctly. The authors find that although the three words can mean, if expressed in their English equivalence, feeling or mood, ＂Kimoti＂ implies a kind of feeling with physical disgusting other than direct sense perception and concrete ＂will＂ or ＂hope＂, while ＂Kibun＂ emphasizes the emotional change caused by some physical, mental or spiritual factors, and ＂Kigen＂ denotes a mood of stability and tolerance, carrying no unhealthy elements.