媒介环境学视域下审美教育观念的变革与启示

"文字-印刷"媒介时代是一种机械文化,其分割化和同质化特征导致传统审美和美育具有鲜明的教化性。电子媒介带来的是一种非线性的有机文化,此时的审美更多的不是理性的深度思考,而是一种追求视听快感的身体模式,强调审美的深度参与和自由体验。一方面,审美的"自我-他者"的教化关系在后现代语境下被颠覆,强调对审美活动中"自我中心"的解构和他者的多元化体验;另一方面,告别了形而上的理性思辨传统,而密切关注人的生活世界和生存状态。因此今天的美育实践应该区别于传统美育,必须和新的媒介文化相适应,突出电子媒介时代审美的多元化和生活化特征,以培养审美主体的自由性体验和精神的超越性为根本目标。

The Transformation and Enlightenment of Aesthetic Education Concept from the Perspective of Media Environmentology

The age of "character-printing" media is a kind of mechanical culture and its characteristics of segmentation and homogenization inevitably lead to the distinct edification of traditional aesthetic and aesthetic education. The electronic media brings about a kind of non-linear organic culture, in which the aesthetic is not a rational deep thinking, but a physical model of pursuing audiovisual pleasure with focus on the deep participation and free experience of aesthetics. On the one hand, the aesthetic "ego-other" enlightenment relationship has been subverted in the post-modern context, emphasizing the deconstruction of "egocentrism" in aesthetic activities and the diversified experience of others. On the other hand, it has bid farewell to the tradition of metaphysical rational speculation, and paid close attention to the living conditions and the world of human beings. Therefore, today’s aesthetic education practice should be different from the traditional one by adapting to the new media culture, highlighting the characteristics of aesthetic diversity and life-orientedness in the era of electronic media so as to achieve the ultimate goal of cultivating the aesthetic subject’s free experience and spiritual transcendence.