运动对骨质影响的表观遗传机制研究进展

骨质变化除了与性别、年龄、激素水平、生活方式和机械受力等因素有关外,还与表观遗传调控途径有关。表观遗传调控的3大主要途径包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰及非编码RNA。在遗传-环境范畴内,运动作为外源性力学刺激,可以通过调控DNA去甲基化促成骨生成,调控组蛋白修饰维持骨稳态和非编码RNA影响骨代谢通路,这些均是运动通过表观遗传途径改善骨质健康的可能机制。梳理近年来表观遗传调控在骨组织运动医学领域的研究进展,有助于为运动健骨和防治骨质疏松等代谢性疾病提供新思路。

Research Progress on Epigenetic Mechanism of the Effect of Exercise on Bone

Besides gender, age, hormone levels, lifestyle, and mechanical stress, the changes of bone health are also related to the epigenetic regulation pathways. The three main pathways of epigenetic regulation include DNA methylation, histone modification,and non-coding RNA. In the genetic-environment category, as an exogenous mechanical stimulus, exercise can promote bone formation by regulating DNA demethylation, regulate histone modifications to support bone homeostasis, and regulate non-codingRNA to affect bone metabolic pathways. All of the abovementioned pathways are possible mechanisms for improving bone health through epigenetic pathways. The article reviews the recent advances in the research of epigenetic regulation in the field of bone tissue sports medicine, and it will provide new ideas for bone strengthening and prevention of metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.