城市化对家庭CO2排放影响的区域差异————基于中国省级面板数据的分析

随着中国城市化的快速发展,家庭部门成为CO₂排放的重要增长点.本文在计算2000-2012年30个省(直辖市,自治区,除港,澳,台,西藏外)家庭CO₂排放的基础上,构建面板模型分析了城市化对其影响的区域差异.结果表明:①城市化发展促进了30个省(直辖市,自治区)家庭CO₂排放的增加,但是区域差异较大.城市化水平对家庭直接CO₂排放影响程度高的省份,集中在东部和东北地区,如上海,黑龙江和吉林等;城市化水平对家庭间接CO₂排放影响程度高的省份,集中在东部地区,如上海,北京,浙江和广东等;影响程度中等和低的省份主要交错分布在中国中部,西部地区,如宁夏,贵州以及安徽;②进一步从消费支出弹性视角分析了区域差异的原因,发现城市化水平对家庭CO₂排放影响越高的区域,其CO₂排放的消费支出弹性越高.直接CO₂排放的弹性差异主要与汽油,电力消费的增加幅度有关,间接CO₂排放的弹性差异主要与来自工业部门的消费支出增加幅度有关.因此,在城市化水平对家庭直接CO₂排放影响程度高的区域,重点是发展公共交通并注重日常生活节能;在城市化水平对家庭间接CO₂排放影响程度高的区域,重点是提高工业部门的能源使用效率.

Regional differences in the impact of urbanization on household carbon dioxide emissions based on panel data for 30 provinces in China

With rapid development of urbanization in China,households have become the focus of energy savings and emissions reduction. Here,household CO₂ emissions in 30 provinces from 2000 to 2012 are calculated. Then a panel model is constructed to analyze regional difference in the urbanization impact on household CO₂ emissions. We found that the impact of urbanization on household CO₂ emissions has played a catalytic role and there are large regional differences. Provinces with the highest impact of urbanization on household direct CO₂ emissions are mainly distributed in eastern China and northeast China,such as Shanghai,Heilongjiang and Jilin. Provinces with the highest impact of urbanization on household indirect CO₂ emissions are mainly distributed in eastern China,such as Shanghai,Beijing,Zhejiang and Guangdong. While provinces with medium and low impact of urbanization on households direct and indirect CO₂ emissions are mainly distributed in the central and western China. From the perspective of expenditure elasticity,we further analyzed reasons for differences in the impact of urbanization on provincial household CO₂ emissions. The result is that the higher the impact of urbanization on household CO₂ emissions,the larger the expenditure elasticity of CO₂ emissions. The elasticity of direct CO₂ emissions is related to different consumption increases in gasoline and electricity,and the elasticity of indirect CO₂ emissions is associated with an increase in the amount of consumption from the industry sector. Therefore,developing public transportation and paying attention to saving energy in daily life in regions where household direct CO₂ emissions are highly influenced by urbanization are significant,and improving the efficiency of energy use by industry in regions with a high impact of urbanization on household indirect CO₂ emissions.