5~18岁儿童青少年24 h活动研究:现状、影响因素与健康效应

目的:对5~18岁学龄期儿童青少年的24 h活动研究进行系统综述,总结并归纳现有文献报道的研究特征、研究方法与研究结果。通过系统检索,共有20篇文献纳入本综述,结果发现,平均30.84%、41.32%、45.04%的儿童青少年分别达到了身体活动、屏幕时间、睡眠时长3项指标推荐量,17.56%、46.16%、35.06%、6.85%的儿童青少年分别达到了0、1、2、3项24 h活动指标推荐量。男生的身体活动达标率优于女生,但男生屏幕时间指标达标率普遍低于女生。随着年龄的增长,屏幕时间的达标率显著降低。父母教育程度越高,其子女的24 h达标条数越多。并且,纳入的研究一致发现24 h活动的指标多项达标可以改善儿童青少年不同的健康指标,包括体重状况、心血管健康、心理状况、认知发展、生活质量以及饮食模式。

24-hour Movement of Children and Adolescents Aged 5~18:Current Situation,Influencing Factors,and Healthy Impact

The study aimed to systematically review research on 24-h movement of children and adolescents aged 5~18.The final 20 studies were included in this systematic review.The result showed that 30.84%,41.32%,45.04%of children and adolescents met physical activity,screen time,and sleep guidelines,respectively.Overall,17.56%,46.16%,35.06%,6.85%of children and adolescents reached zero,one,two,or three of the 24-hour healthy movement guidelines.The rate for boys to meet physical activity guideline was higher than girls,but that for boys was lower than girls.Age was negatively related to their rate to meet screen time guideline.Students who have parents with higher educational level reached more 24-hour guidelines.Moreover,meeting more 24-hour guidelines was associated with lower odds for overweight and obesity,cardiovascular health,psychological wellbeing,cognitive development,quality of life,and healthy diet pattern.