基于MFA和DEA的东北地区矿业城市可持续发展能力评价

本文应用MFA和DEA模型,以14个典型矿业城市为案例,对1995年～2006年东北地区矿业城市的可持续发展能力演变特征及影响因素进行了初步探讨.研究发现:①东北地区矿业城市可持续发展能力平均水平较高,且整体呈提升趋势;②从资源类型看,煤炭城市可持续发展能力迅速提升,而石油、冶金、综合3类城市则在降低;从发展阶段看,老年阶段矿业城市可持续发展能力大幅提升,中、幼年阶段呈下降趋势,尤以幼年阶段显著;从城市规模看,特大型和中等矿业城市可持续发展能力呈下降之势,而大型矿业城市则显著提升;从地区分布看,辽宁矿业城市可持续发展能力变化比较平稳,吉林省呈下降趋势,而黑龙江省则呈较大幅度提高之势;③纯技术效率是驱动矿业城市可持续发展能力提高的主导因素,而规模无效是造成矿业城市DEA无效的主要原因,合理调控投入规模成为促动东北矿业城市可持续发展的路径选择.

Evaluation on Sustainable Development Capacity of Mining Cities in Northeast China Based on MFA and DEA Models

Mining cities play a key role in the processes of industrialization and urbanization in China. The authors attempted to explore evolutionary characteristics of sustainable development and contributing factors of mining cities from 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China with material flow analysis (MFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). Results show that the average sustainable development capacity of mining cities in Northeast China is relatively high and show an increasing trend in general. The number of mining cities of DEA inefficiency are increasing and their integrated efficiency also show similar trends, indicating that the sustainable development capacity of these cities are improving rapidly . From a perspective of resource type, the sustainable development capacity of cities primarily depending on coal mining is increasing rapidly. However, the sustainable development capacity of cities primarily depending on petroleum industry, metallurgical industry and multi-resources exploration generally shows a decreasing trend. From a perspective of different developmental stages, the sustainable development capacity of mining cities in old stages increases significantly while decreases after getting into middle and primary stages. From a standpoint of city scale, the sustainable development capacity of huge and medium-sized mining cities presents a decreasing trend while presenting an increasing trend for large mining cities. It was also found for a perspective of regional distribution that the sustainable development capacity of Liaoning province increases steadily; Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, however, show a decreasing trend, the latter decreasing more significantly. It was concluded that technological efficiency is a leading factor for promoting sustainable development capacity of mining cities. However, DEA inefficiency may result from scale inefficiency for mining cities in Northeast China, in which input redundancy ratios (IRR) of material resources, emission of environmental pollutants, labor force and fixed assets are 14.3%, 18.1%, 18.7% and 15.4%, respectively. Hence, it would be beneficial for promoting sustainable development of mining cities in Northeast China to actively utilize recycled material resources, progressively reduce environmental pollution, and to appropriately optimize the structure of labor and capital investment.