田径速度项目运动员身体素质训练结构特征的研究

运用文献资料法、特征解析法、访谈法和定基比增长系数计算等研究方法,对田径速度性项目世界优秀运动员的身体素质训练结构进行研究。研究揭示,速度素质的增长具有“早熟”特征,其训练结构体现出以提高最大速度为核心,以最大负荷强度和较少负荷量的短距离跑练习为主要手段等特征;力量素质的增长呈现出“两头慢、中间快”的发展特征,其训练手段主要是由单腿或双腿的连续跳跃、跨步跑(跳)、高抬腿跑和多次数的深蹲或半蹲练习构成;而专项耐力的训练方法则主要是由长翼项距离和比赛距离的重复跑和间歇跑等要素构成。

Study on Structural Character of Athlete's Physical Fitness Training in Speed Events of Athletics

Through using the method of literature, character analysis, interview and definite basic proportion, this paper makes study on physical fitness training structure of world elite athletes in speed events of athletics. The result shows that the increasing of speed fitness has the character of precocity. The core of training structure is to improve the maximal speed. The main training method is short distance running with maximal training load and less training volume. The increasing of power fitness tends to character of slow at both ends and fast in the middle. The training method mainly focus on continuous jump with single leg or both legs, stride jumping skip, running with high leg, multi-time squat and half squat exercise. The training method of specific endurance consists of repeat and interval running with long distance and match-like distance.