美国大学竞技体育强势发展的三大因素解析

摘要：主要运用实地调研、专家访谈和文献资料分析的方法，从社会学、教育学、经济学的视域，对美国大学竞技体育的强势发展进行解析。研究认为：大学竞技体育在美国已经成为独特的文化及社会诉求，美国在体育战略选择上，构筑了一个具有美国特色的、坚持业余性、以学校为中心的竞技体育体系；世界上没有任何国家，在大学体育的参与度、观众基础、财政支持方面，能够达到与美国大学体育的同等水平；美国大学校际竞赛由美国大学生体育协会（NCAA）、高校体育联盟、学校，协调组织、统筹管理，以橄榄球、篮球联赛带动其它项目均衡发展；赛事推广、广告赞助、电视转播权销售等，完全商业化运作，竞技体育达到世界一流水平，创造了巨大的社会效益和经济效益，实现了竞技体育与高等教育的融合发展，美国大学竞技体育发展的理念，对我国大学竞技体育发展思路的拓展，具有一定的启示和借鉴意义。

Analysis of Three Factors for the Strong Development of Competitive Sports in American Universities

Abstract: This paper analyzes the strong development of competitive sports in American universities from the perspectives of sociology, pedagogy and economics by the methods of field investigation, expert interview and literature review. Conclusions: The university sports has become a unique culture in USA. In the choice of sports strategy, the United States has constructed a competitive sports system with own characteristics, amateur and school orientation. No country in the world can achieve the same level of sports as American universities in terms of participation, audience base and financial support. The intercollegiate competition in the United States is coordinated and managed by the American Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the University Sports League and the school, and promotes the balanced development of other events with the football and basketball competitions. Event promotion, advertising sponsorship and TV rights sales are complete commercial operation, competitive sports has achieved world-class level, which create a huge economic and social benefits, achieve the integration development of competitive sports and higher education. The concept of development of competitive sports in American universities has certain enlightenment for the development of competitive sports in Chinese universities.