我国藏族与塔吉克族学生身体素质比较研究

通过文献资料调研、实地调查和数理统计法,以50m跑、立定跳远和耐力跑为主要测试内容和手段,对新疆帕米尔高原的塔吉克族、青藏高原的藏族7～18岁学生的身体素质进行了比较研究,结果表明,1)速度素质:塔吉克族男、女生都要优于藏族,但藏族男、女生和塔吉克族男生要低于全国平均水平,塔吉克族女生的整体上要高于全国平均水平;2)爆发力素质:藏族男生优于塔吉克族男生,女生呈交叉状,但两个民族学生都要低于全国平均水平,塔吉克族男生和藏族女生表现得更为明显;3)耐力跑素质:塔吉克族男、女生都要优于藏族,但藏族男、女生整体上要低于全国平均水平,塔吉克族男、女生12岁之前要低于全国平均水平,其后年龄都要高于全国平均水平。其原因是多方面的,主要为学校体育;遗传、宗教、民族性格和生活习性等综合因素;生态环境;经济社会发展水平等方面存在差异,并着重从学校体育工作方面提出了建议。

Comparative Study on Students' Physical Fitness between Tibetan and Tajik Nationality in China

By using the method of literature,investigation and mathematical statistics,and taking 50m-dash,standing long jump and endurance run as the main test content and means,this paper comparatively studied the physical fitness of the students aged from 7 to 18,who belong to Tajik in Pamirs in Xinjiang and Tibetan in Tibetan Plateau.The result shows that(1) Speed:Male and female Tajik students outperform their peers of Tibetan in speed.The speed of Tibetan students and the male Tajik is inferior to that of the national average.The female Tajik’s speed is superior to that the national average.(2) Explosive force:Tibetan boys are better than Tajik boys in explosive force.That of the girls is in a cross shape.Theirs is lower than that of the national average,particularly the Tajik boy’s and Tibetan girl’s.(3) Endurance:That of the boys and girls in Tajik is superior to that of the Tibetan.That of the Tibetan students is inferior to that of the national average.That of the Tajik students aged below 12 is inferior to that of the national average,but after 12,theirs is higher than the national average.The following aspects are the main reasons.(1) School physical education;(2) Genetic,religion,national character and habits;(3) The ecological environment;(4) The development of social economy and etc.The constructive suggestions for school physical education are put forwarded.