学徒制到练习生制:中国传统学徒制的现代化转型

民国时期,传统学徒制无法应对新兴工商业人才供给需求,被练习生制逐渐替代。练习生制有三种起源说--英国说、日本说和中国说,经历了清末明初产生期、民国繁荣期、建国之初嬗变期三个演变历程,主要采取企业自主培养、校企合作培养、间接训练培养三种人才培养模式,实现了对传统学徒制的革新,实现了人才观念、培养模式、人事管理、职业精神培育等方面的现代化转型,探索出较为科学、系统的现代学徒制实践范式,这为新时代构建中国特色现代学徒制提供了借鉴。

From Apprenticeship to Trainee System:The Modern Transformation of Chinese Traditional Apprenticeship

During the Republican Period,the traditional apprenticeship system could not meet the demand for new industrial and commercial talents.The Trainee System gradually replaced the traditional apprenticeship system.The origin of Trainee System had three kinds of perspectives and it experienced different stages,such as production period,prosperity period and metamorphosis period,adopted the training modes including enterprise independence,school-enterprise cooperation and indirect training.It has realized the modernization transformation of traditional apprenticeship in the aspects of talent concept,training mode,personnel management and professional spirit cultivation,and explored a more scientific and systematic modern apprenticeship practice paradigm,providing a new era for constructing modern apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics.