美国巴特尔纪念研究院的市场化运行机制及启示

巴特尔纪念研究院是美国最大的独立研究机构。它是美国的非营利科研机构,享受免税待遇,按照公司方式运行。同时,因其主要以承担国家任务为主,在一定程度上又可视为"国立"研究机构。巴特尔纪念研究院的独特体制和运行机制,为研究科技体制改革中政府和市场的关系、科研机构的现代院所制度提供了典型的案例,特别是对于技术研发类机构的改革具有借鉴意义。文章通过回顾巴特尔纪念研究院的建立和发展过程,并重点从美国政府与巴特尔纪念研究院的合同关系,以及巴特尔纪念研究院在人事、经费、产业化管理和实验室管理等方面的特点进行分析,从而阐明其市场化运行机制,并对我国科研机构改革如何发挥"市场决定作用"提出了建议。

Market-based Operation Mechanism of Battelle Memorial Institute and its Implications

Battelle Memorial Institute, the largest independent research organization in the United States, is a non-profit research institute which enjoys the tax exempt status. While operating as a company, it mainly under- takes national tasks. To some extent, it can be considered as a ＂national＂ research institute. The unique system and operational mechanism of Battelle Memorial Institute provides a typical case for the study of the relation- ship between govemment and market, the modem system of research institutes under the background of the re- form of scientific and technologic system. This study reviews the establishment and development of Battelle Memorial Institute, analyzes its market-based operation mechanism through examining the contractual relation- ship with government, and its internal management system in terms of personnel, funding, industrialization lab- oratory management, etc, Finally, advices on how to reform China＇ s research institutes through allowing the de- cisive role of market are provided.