论宋代小说的“由虚入实”之原因

唐“虚”而宋“实”是后人对唐宋小说实际现象及各自特质的揭示和评价。造成宋代小说“实”之状况的原因有这样几点：晚唐小说由虚构铺衍向征实补史演变给宋代小说发展定下基调;宋人小说观念有浓重的求实意识,唐代小说“假小说以施诬蔑之风”助长了宋对前代小说盛行的考据求实之风,在对唐小说虚构成就认识不足的情况下,以偏概全,误将虚构当做虑幻加以攻击;宋代统治者对小说既以之消遣,又斥其不实;宋代史学发达,取小说入史,宋人更强调了小说以补史为标准,以纪实为手段,以鉴诚为目的;宋代党争激烈,文网日张,给小说的虚构以沉重打击。

The transition from realistic to fictional writing in Song Dynasty

The fiction in Tang Dynasty while reality in Song Dynasty is a true comment and evaluation of the novels in both Tang and Song Dynasties. However, the causes of the realistic writing are depicted as following: the fact that the novels of the later Tang Dynasty switch in style from fictional depiction to the realistic writing paves the way to the foundation for the sake of the novel writing in Song Dynasty. Furthermore, the novelists of Song Dynasty have a strong sense of reality, while the novelists of Tang Dynasty are good at defiance, which, in turn, helps to devalue the Tang novels. In addition, the Song rulers are fond of reading novels for recreation, but they criticize them as unreal. Since the study of history is very fashionable, the novelists of Song Dynasty start to write of their well-chosen historical events in the fictional context, for the conflicts of the parties of Song Dynasty will severely hinder the creation of novelists.