武术运动员赛前情绪及临场应对方式的研究

对68名参加第七届全国大学生武术锦标赛的运动员的赛前情绪状态及其临场应激应对方式进行了调查与研究。结果表明:名次前列的武术运动员的个体失败焦虑、社会期待焦虑得分低于名次后列的运动员,且其与比赛名次呈显著相关,而在自信心与躯体焦虑因子上差异不显著,与比赛名次也不存在显著相关,赛前情绪是影响训练水平与比赛成绩之间关系的一个重要因素;名次前列与后列运动员在面对各种应激源时,4种不同的应对方式均有采用,但前者在采用进攻式应激应对策略的得分均高于后者,而在采用回避式应激应对策略的得分则是大部分都低于后者,赛前情绪各因子与临场应激应对方式各因子呈一定相关,表明两者之间存在一定的相关关系;认知-情感调控训练法、模拟应激训练法、放松训练法与控制点训练法等是几种可以改善赛前情绪状态及临场应激应对方式的有效方法与手段;武术套路运动员的赛前训练不仅是单纯的竞技技术训练,还应包括必要的、系统的心理训练内容。各种训练方法应根据具体运动员在各训练阶段的实际需要进行科学组合,使能发挥最大训练效果。

Study on Emotion of Pre-competition and Coping Style of Wushu Athletes

This paper made investigation on emotion of pre-competition and coping style on stress of sixty-eight wushu athletes who participating in the 7th National University Wushu Championship.The result showed that the score of individual defeated anxiety and social anticipated anxiety of top athletes was lower than that of last athletes in place.There was significant correlation with place in competition.However,there was no significance on confidence and anxiety factors which have no correlation with place in competition.The emotion of pre-competition was an important factor influencing the relation between training level and performance.There was certain correlation between each factor of pre-competition and coping style.The cognitive emotion control training method,simulation stress training method,relax training method and control training method were effective method to improve the emotion of pre-competition and coping on stress.The pre-competition training of wushu athletes was not only competitive technical training,but also a systematic mental training.Different training method should be combined with practical condition based on different training phase of athlete in order to fully display the training effect.