试论教师专业的“可替代性”和“不可替代性”

近半个世纪有关教师专业属性的争论主要集中在教师专业的“可替代性”与“不可替代性”上。一般都是从二元对立的角度分析教师专业的“可替代性”或“不可替代性”。教师专业是“可替代性”与“不可替代性”的对立统一体，教师专业中既存在有“可替代性”因素，使教师职业存在不经过教师教育的专门培养就可以从事的可能性，它是人类教育活动的普遍性和人类教育经验的普适性的反映；同时，教师专业中又存在“不可替代性”因素，使教师成为必须经过专门培养才能从事的职业，它是学校教育活动的特殊性和学校教育理论的特适性的反映。对这一矛盾的认识有助于教师教育的改革和教师的专业成长。

The Discussion on the Replaceable Character and Irreplaceable Character about

In the past of the half century the discussions on the character of teacher profession focus on the replacement and irreplacement. The replaceable and irreplaceable character is usually analysed with the duality of oppose. We think,teacher profession has replaceable factors,which is the reflection of the universality in human educational activities and the catholicity in human educational experience. The teacher profession has the irreplaceable factors,which is the reflection of the particularity in school educational activities and the characteristics in school education theory. It is helpful for the reform of teacher education and the development of teacher profession to study the contradiction.