长三角地区行业间水资源消耗差异性分析

本文基于经济普查数据,使用投入产出法,对比分析长三角地区的上海、江苏和浙江整体用水、三大产业用水、制造业二分位行业用水的差异性。结果表明:1浙江拥有水资源总量超过其消耗水资源量,上海和江苏则面临较大用水压力;2上海耗水集中于第二产业,江苏、浙江集中于第一产业;3上海石油及核燃料加工业、金属冶炼及压延业、江苏的非金属矿物制品业、浙江的木材加工以及家具制造业直接用水系数较高,但完全用水系数较低,江苏木材加工及家具制造业等部门直接用水系数较低,而完全用水系数较高;4对代表性行业——通信设备计算机及其他电子设备制造业的分析显示,影响其完全用水系数的相关行业在两省一市基本相同,但影响程度有所不同。

Difference Analysis of Water Resources Consumption between Different Industries in Yangtze River Delta

Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are located in the Yangtze River Delta and as such have more abundant water resources compared to other provinces in China. Rapid economic growth across the delta has led to increasing water demands and supply shortages. Water resource consumption by manufacturing in different provinces is rarely analyzed from the perspective of double-digit industries, mainly due to data limitations. Here, we constructed a water resource consumption input-output model to measure consumption in the Yangtze River Delta, and analyzed differences across three industries and in double-digit industries. We found that the total amount of water resources in Zhejiang exceeds what it consumes;Shanghai and Jiangsu are facing greater water resource stress. Water resources are mostly used by secondary industry in Shanghai, but by primary industry in Zhejiang and Jiangsu. The direct use water coefficient is higher and overall use water coefficient of double-digit industries lower in the petroleum and nuclear fuel processing industry, metal smelting and rolling industry in Shanghai, non-metallic mineral products industry in Jiangsu, and wood processing and furniture manufacturing in Zhejiang. On the contrary, wood processing and furniture manufacturing in Jiangsu have a lower direct use water coefficient, while a higher overall water use coefficient. In electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing and general equipment manufacturing, the direct use water coefficient and overall use water coefficient are generally lower in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Double-digit industries such as communications computer equipment and other electronic equipment manufacturing had similar overall use water coefficient's sources across the three provinces.