交易成本、生产成本与农业生产环节外包——基于农地禀赋效应调节视角

农业生产环节外包是实现农业规模经济的重要途径。依据山东、河南2省6市小麦种植户调研数据,运用结构方程模型实证分析农户农地禀赋效应调节视角下外包交易成本、农业隐性生产成本对农业生产环节外包程度的影响。研究结论如下：①市场容量、资产专用性、交易不确定性和交易频率是外包交易成本的重要表现。市场容量的扩大可以降低单位面积外包交易成本,促进农业生产环节外包程度的提升;资产专用性、交易不确定性和交易频率的增强会增加外包交易成本,阻碍农业生产环节外包程度的提升。②农业生产经营风险和农业劳动机会成本是隐性生产成本的重要体现,二者均会促进农业生产环节外包程度的提升。③外包交易成本、隐性生产成本对农业生产环节外包程度的影响会受到农户农地禀赋效应的调节。在外包交易成本方面,农户农地禀赋效应会削弱市场容量对农业生产环节外包程度的促进作用,增强资产专用性和交易不确定性对农业生产环节外包程度的阻碍作用;在隐性生产成本方面,农户农地禀赋效应会增强农业生产经营风险对农业生产环节外包程度的促进作用,削弱农业劳动机会成本对农业生产环节外包程度的促进作用。④农业外包市场并不仅是一个简单的交易市场,而且是一个具有身份特征的情感市场。培育农业外包市场,需充分考虑和尊重农户的农地禀赋效应。

Transaction cost,production cost,and agricultural production outsourcing: Based on the perspective of agricultural endowment adjustment

Agricultural production outsourcing is an important way to realize agricultural economies of scale. Based on the survey data of wheat growers in 6 cities of Henan and Shandong provinces, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of outsourcing transaction cost and hidden production cost on agricultural production outsourcing from the perspective of farmers’agricultural land endowment effect adjustment. The conclusions are as follows: First, market capacity, asset specificity, transaction uncertainty and transaction frequency are important manifestations of outsourcing transaction cost. The expansion of market capacity can reduce the outsourcing transaction cost of per unit area, and promote the degree of agricultural production outsourcing; The enhancement of asset specificity, transaction uncertainty and transaction frequency will increase the outsourcing transaction cost and hinder the improvement of agricultural production outsourcing. Second, agricultural production and operation risk and agricultural labor opportunity cost are important manifestations of hidden production costs. Both of them will promote agricultural production outsourcing. Third, the impact of outsourcing transaction cost and hidden production cost on the degree of agricultural production outsourcing will be regulated by farmers’agricultural land endowment effect. In terms of outsourcing transaction cost, farmers’agricultural land endowment effect will weaken the promotion of market capacity on the degree of agricultural production outsourcing, and enhance the hindrance of asset specificity and transaction uncertainty on the degree of agricultural production outsourcing; In terms of hidden production cost, farmers’ farmland endowment effect will enhance the promotion of agricultural production and operation risk on the degree of agricultural production outsourcing, and weaken the promotion of agricultural labor opportunity cost on the degree of agricultural production outsourcing. Fourth, Agricultural outsourcing market is not only a simple trading market, but also an emotional market with identity characteristics. To cultivate the agricultural outsourcing market, we should fully consider and respect the agricultural land endowment effect of farmers.