自然资源分类相关问题探讨及新分类方案构建

对自然资源进行统一的科学分类是开展自然资源调查评价、履行其管理职责、编制国土空间规划、实施山水林田湖草的整体保护、系统修复和综合治理、实现自然资源治理能力现代化等重大战略任务的最基础性前期工作。针对学术界、管理层和实际工作者对自然资源分类的不同意见和分歧,本文创新性地从空间、属性、用途、管理等视角提出了一个含有3个一级大类、11种二级门类、62种三级类别的新分类框架和分类方案。该方案不仅区分了自然资源的地理空间,便于分类管理和实际操作,而且区分了自然资源的不同用途与属性,很好地反映了作为物质或能量的自然资源与作为环境条件的自然要素之间类型上的差异性。研究成果为推进自然资源分类体系的完善,并与国际接轨、提升自然资源治理现代化能力,以及推动自然资源管理部门与生态环境、农田水利、国土空间规划、城乡建设等部门在自然资源、国土空间、生态修复等重大任务和目标上的有机衔接,具有重要应用价值和现实意义。

Discussion on the classification of natural resources and a new classification framework and scheme

The scientific classification of natural resources is the most basic preliminary work for carrying out the investigation and evaluation of natural resources, fulfilling its management responsibilities, preparing spatial planning, implementing the overall protection of landscape, forest, land, lake, and grass (Shan-Shui-Lin-Tian-Hu-Cao, in Chinese) and systematic restoration and comprehensive management, and realizing the modernization of natural resources governance. In view of the different opinions and differences of academic researchers, management authority, and practitioners on natural resources classification, this article creatively proposes a new classification framework and classification scheme with three primary categories, 11 secondary categories, and 62 third-level categories from the perspective of space, attribute, use, and management of natural resources. The scheme not only distinguishes the geographical space of natural resources, facilitates differentiated management and practical operation, but also distinguishes different uses and attributes of natural resources, which well reflects the difference between natural resources as matter or energy and natural elements as environmental conditions. The results of this research have application value and practical significance for promoting the improvement of natural resources classification system and international integration, enhancing the modernization of natural resources management, and promoting the intrinsic connection between natural resources management departments and ecological environment, farmland and water conservancy, spatial planning, and urban and rural construction departments with regard to the key tasks and objectives for natural resources, territorial space, and ecological restoration.