我国优秀女子竞走运动员技术特征研究

采用高速摄影机定点拍摄了2000年全国竞走锦标赛女子20 km竞走比赛前7名运动员的技术影片,并采用"TYF-2"型影片分析系统对影片进行解析,对运动员在比赛中程(10 km)的一个单步的各个阶段和各个技术环节进行了定量和定性的分析和研究.揭示了当今我国优秀女子竞走运动员的共性技术特征.结论我国优秀女子竞走运动员腾空时间为(48.8±9.8) ms;重心上下起伏距离为(6.0±1.3) cm,7名运动员身体重心的最高点均出现在支撑腿脚尖离地时,身体重心的最低点出现在垂直支撑时;前腿在触地瞬时的膝角为181.0°±2.0°,垂直支撑时膝角为185.7°±3.4°, 并保持157.0 ms的膝关节完全伸直状态,直至过渡到身体重心垂直面;优秀运动员均采用"足踵触地、踝关节背屈"滚动式着地技术,以及后蹬腿脚尖离地技术,符合当今世界竞走运动发展趋势.

A STUDY ON TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR FEMALE WALKING RACER IN CHINA

Present technical characteristics of elite female walking racer in China are studied in terms of biomechanics under new competitive rules . Techniques of one single step in medium range (10 km) are analyzed for seven female walking racer in the 2000 National Championship by the high-speed photography and "T YF-2" film analytical system . The results summarize the technical characteristics under new competitive rules: the average airborne time is ( 48. 8 ± 9. 8) ms; the average undulation distance of center of gravity is ( 6. 0±1. 3) cm ; the average instantaneous knee angle of the lead leghit ting the ground is 181. 0°±2. 0°and that of the lead leg in the vertical support phase is 185. 7°±3. 4° with knee joint in stretching state , i. e. at 157 ms until it is in the vertical surface of center of gravity ;rolling landing technique with the heel hitting the ground and the ankle joint kicking is used; off-landing technique of kicking legs back with toe driving are also applied in the walking race . Techniques of elite female walking racer in China will adapt to and keep up with the current international developing trend.