农村妇女教育地位：城乡差距大于性别差距——以浙江农村妇女为例

“农村妇女”一词具有两层含义：一是地域概念，一是性别概念。就农村妇女而言，其处于“农村”和“妇女”这一双重不利境地。农村妇女的教育地位体现了公共资源和家庭资源的性别和地域配置，也是农村妇女整体能力提升的一大基础和发展的潜力所在。笔者从性别比较和城乡地域比较入手，以“结构”作为主要分析路径，探讨了当今农村妇女教育地位及变化的内在逻辑。改革开放以来，浙江农村妇女的文化程度有了较大的提高；社会和家庭在教育资源配置上的“性别不平等”倾向不断弱化；家庭对子女的教育投资已更多地成为一种家庭发展策略而不仅仅是基于“重男轻女”观念的一种行为。但两性相比，妇女所获得的教育资源和机会仍少于男子，并且，教育资源配置和机会获得中的城乡不平等更甚于性别不平等，农村妇女教育问题在更大程度上是“三农”问题，而不仅仅是性剐问题

EDUCATION POSITION OF RURAL WOMEN WITH URBAN AND RURAL DIFFERENCE BIGGER THAN SEX DIFFERENCE——TAKING WOMEN IN ZHJIANG FOR INSTANCE

The word＂rural women＂ denotes both region and gender and as far as rural women are concerned, it means that they are in a double disadvantageous situation. Their education position not only displays the gender and regional allocation of public and family resources but is also the basis for and potential of their overall capability promotion. Starting with a gender and regional comparison, the author studies the education position change and logic of rural women through an analysis of ＂structure＂. Since the opening and reform, the education level of rural women in Zhejiang province has been comparatively promoted, the gender inequality of education resource allocation in families and society has been continually weakened, families＇ investment in children education has become a family development strategy rather than a behavior based on the idea of ＂regarding men superior to women＂. However, compared with men, women get fewer education resources and opportunities, and the urban and rural inequality is far more serious than that of the gender. Therefore, the problem of rural women is more of ＂three agricultural issue＂rather than a gender one.