技术复杂度与我国外包企业技术优势及技术溢出效应——基于增加值的实证研究

本文基于行业增加值数据,构建技术复杂度指数,将我国制造业划分为高技术行业及低技术行业。结果显示,仪器仪表、通用及专用机械设备制造业等通常意义的"高端"行业在我国实际上属于低技术行业。在此基础上,构建计量经济模型,分别对2004-2011年全国、美国及日本外包企业技术优势及技术溢出效应进行估计和检验。研究结果表明:(1)与国内非外包企业相比,外包企业拥有明显的技术优势。美国外包企业优势大于日本外包企业。此外,在低技术行业,美国、日本外包企业技术优势低于其它国家外包企业;但在高技术行业优势却更强。(2)总体上,我国外包企业技术溢出效应为正,且美国外包企业效应低于日本外包企业。在低技术行业,两国外包企业技术溢出效应为正;其它国家外包企业效应为负,对非外包企业生产起到"挤出"作用。(3)我国外包企业技术优势与技术溢出效应之间呈现出负相关关系,且在低技术行业更为明显。

Technology complexity,impacts of technological advantage and spillovers of outsourcees in China-Based on the empirical study of value-added

The paper constructs an index of technological complexity (ITC), and divides Chinese manufacturing sectors into low-tech sectors and high-tech ones using value-added data. Results show that precision machinery and general machinery, which are usually regarded as high-tech sectors, actually belong to low technological ones. Econometric model is establishes to test the technological advantage and spillovers of outsourcee manufacturers, with specific origins from the US and Japan. Estimate results show that (1) Outsourcee manufacturers have remarkable technological advantage over non-outsourcees, with those of US origin possessing higher advantage than those of Japanese origin. Moreover, both US and Japanese outsourcee manufacturers own less technological advantage than those of other sources in low-tech sectors, while greater advantage in high-tech sectors. (2) Outsourcees exert positive spillovers on non-outsourcees in general, with US outsourcees showing higher spillovers than Japanese ones. In low-tech sectors, outsourcees of both US and Japan exert positive spillovers, while those of other origins demonstrating negative ones, crowing out the production of non-outsourcees. (3) There presents negative correlation between technological advantage and spillovers, and it is particularly evident in low-tech sectors.