双层叙事与读者姿态--《一个人的遭遇》与《活着》叙事结构比较研究

双层叙事的提出意在探求《一个人的遭遇》与《活着》文本审美价值相似性产生的叙事技巧上的缘由。认为两部作品具有双层叙述结构,第一叙述者与第二叙述者的层次使作家能够从题材本身的客观限制中解放出来,从而发掘题材在写作上的最大可能性。这一结构方式能够突破对作家的限制的同时也改变了一般阅读状态下读者的姿态。赋予读者以叙述上的参与与阅读时的对话姿态。双层叙事使读者与第一叙述者展开对话而与第二叙述者保持距离,形成阅读时的第三者角色,一方面参与叙述建构,另一方面保持对叙述的批判与思考,形成一种“间离化效果”,是能够将读者引向深入思考状态的理想叙事方式。余华与肖洛霍夫的这两部作品提供了双层叙事结构的经典范本,同时他们在具体叙述选择上也有所侧重,但在阅读效果与文本审美趣味上却有着异曲同工之妙。

Double Narrative and Reader's Position--A Comparative Study of the Narrative Structure of Human's Fate And Alive

To put forward the double narrative is to research the narrative method, and to find the aesthetic value of the books Human's Fate And Alive. The two works are considered to be double narrative texts. The difference of the first narrator and the second narrator is that in first narrator, the author is limited by his topic, but also as second narrator, the author can discover the complete potential of the writing. This structure can break the author' limitation in writing, and change the reader's position, which make the reader free during reading. The structure makes the reader communicate with the first narrator, but keeps away from the second narrator, and become the third role in reading. Thus, during reading, the reader can join the narrative structure, and keep thinking critically, which will become a"defamiliarization"and lead the reader to think deeply.