"论大道则先黄老而后六经"再评议

在对司马迁及《史记》褒抑不一的众多评议中,尤以班固“论大道则先黄老而后六经”的论断最为著名。先哲时贤,或认为班氏误将司马谈之言等同于司马迁之意,或以为司马氏父子价值取向不同,“黄老”“六经”异学,多持批评否定之态度。尽管从汉武帝时代已经开始崇扬儒学,但黄老政治依然在社会诸方面保持强动的影响。具体言及司马氏父子的思想价值取向,虽然呈现出复杂的情况,但总体而言,司马氏父子还是推崇“黄老”之学的。降至东汉时期,儒学完全占据政治统治地位,而这一变化正是班固批评司马迁及《史记》的主要动因。细绎班氏之语,从中寻觅两汉思潮变化的轨迹,则是更应关注的问题。

Rediscusion over"on the great principle-Huanglao comes before the Six Books"

Of quite a number of oppraisements,positive and negative,on Sima Qian and his Historical Records,the most famous one is Ban Gu's "On the Great Principle-Huanglao Comes Before the Six Books",Some saints and sages thought that Ban mistook sima Tan's theory for Sima Qian's,some held mostly critical and negative attitude towards the different orientations of value of Sima's father and son,and the different theories of "Huanglao" and "the Six Books".Huanglao politics maintained strong influence on various aspects of society in the age of Wu Di even though Confucianism was being thought higho at that time.So far as the ideological orientation of value of Sima's father and son is concerned,although it was complicated of their ideas,in general,they two praised highly Huanglao doctrine.Up to the East Han Period,Confucianism dominated completely the political rule .The fact was just the main motive that Ban Gu critised Sima Qian and his Historical Records.The most important problem to be concerned about is to make a close exanrination of Ban's words and try to find the trace of ideological changes from both West and East Han Dynasties.