基于“身份认同”理论的国家—民俗体育传承人关系变迁研究——来自广西藤县国家级舞狮传承人的个案调查

国家与民俗体育传承人关系,直接影响到国家与民俗体育传承人各自的角色定位,影响着传承人主观能动性的发挥和国家社会动员能力的提升,事关“非遗”保护的实效和中华优秀传统文化的传承。分析了传承人对其舞狮人身份的认同流变,并透过舞狮传承人对此身份认同的演进、变化,探讨了国家与舞狮传承人关系变迁的内在逻辑。研究认为:传承人对其舞狮人身份的认同是国家建构与其自我反思性建构的动态过程,从传承人对舞狮人身份的初识、搁置、确立再到合法性权威获取的发展过程中,呈现出传承人对其舞狮人身份的认同由计划性认同、拒斥性认同、认同调适逐渐走向合法性认同的演变;反映了国家和舞狮传承人关系由自主发展到合作共赢发展的流变,国家在其中始终扮演着主导者的角色。

Change of Relationship between State and Folk Sports Inheritor Based on Theory of “Identity”: A Case Study of National Level Lion Dance Inheritors in Tengxian County,Guangxi

The relationship between the state and the folk sports inheritors directly influences the respective role positioning of the state and the folk sports inheritors,influences the subjective initiative of the inheritors and the improvement of the national social mobilization ability,and is related to the effectiveness of the protection of “intangible cultural heritage” and the inheritance of China’s excellent traditional culture.This paper analyzed the evolution of the identity of the lion dance inheritors, and explored into the internal logic of the relationship between the state and the inheritors.It was believed that the identity was a dynamic process of national construction and the self-reflective construction.The identity of being a lion dancer had undergone the initial recognition, confusion, and establishment of the identity and becoming authority, which showed that the inheritor’s identity of being a lion dancer had gradually changed from planned identity, rejected identity, adjusted identity to legitimate identity.It reflected the change of the relationship between the state and the inheritors of the lion dance from their own independent development to win-win cooperation, during the process of change, the state had always played the dominant role.