我国体育公园空间分布格局及其影响因素

在健康中国战略背景下,体育公园建设与布局优化是体育学科研究和实践的重点问题。采用网络爬虫技术获取我国31个省(区、市)共计1 707条体育公园坐标数据,综合运用空间分析、匹配度分析模型、灰色关联度模型以及地理探测器模型的方法,分析我国体育公园空间分布特征以及其与休闲经济、国家政策的匹配度及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)我国体育公园空间分布呈非均衡且概率不等的态势,具有不完全随机分布与高低值集聚特征,沿“胡焕庸线”垂直方向呈梯度递减,以省会城市为中心“以点带面”,具有显著的地域差异性与空间正相关性;(2)绝大部分省(市、区)现有体育公园发展水平与休闲经济发展水平存在低匹配现象;(3)体育公园存量资源与“十四五”规划体育公园建设指导目标具有良好匹配度;(4)体育公园布局影响因素的解释力由大到小排序依次为:经济驱动力、资源吸引力、城镇拉动力、交通推动力、人口支撑力、环境承载力。

Spatial Pattern and Factors of Sports Parks in China

Under the background of the Healthy China Strategy, the construction and layout optimization of sports parks are key issues in the research and practice of sports disciplines.This article adopted the web crawler to obtain coordinate data of 1 707 sports parks from 31 provinces (cities, districts) in mainland China.Spatial analysis, matching degree analysis model, gray correlation model, and geographic detector were used comprehensively to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of sports parks and their matching level with recreation economy and national policies and influencing factors in these processes.The results showed that the spatial distribution of sports parks in China was unbalanced and with different probabilities.It had the characteristics of incomplete random distribution and high and low values agglomeration.It decreased along the vertical direction of “Hu Line”, and took the provincial capital cities as the center, showing significant regional difference and positive spatial correlation.The development level of existing sports parks and recreation economy in most provinces (cities, districts) had a low matching level.The resource number of sports parks had a good matching degree with the target of sports park construction guidance in 14th Five Year Plan.The explanatory weights of the factors affecting the layout of sports parks were ranked as follows: economic driver, resource attraction, urban development, transportation, population, and environmental capacity.