国外乒乓球职业化管理体制分析——以日、德为例

通过对日、德两国的乒乓球职业化进程和管理体制特点进行分析发现:两国乒乓球职业化进程比中国领先一步,有其成功的经验,主要表现在:企业或俱乐部独立运营,不依赖政府出资;有健全的联赛组织机构,政府对联赛或俱乐部行政干预少;球员职业意识强,运动员职业年限普遍很长;联赛赛制运作规范。但是,两国的职业化开展也存在明显不足:俱乐部组建不规范;俱乐部"造血"机能不强,很难赢利;乒乓球市场小;乒乓球职业化的开展并没有给本国的乒乓球运动水平带来整体上的提高等。为了使我国乒乓球职业化的发展健康有序,有必要借鉴西方成熟职业体育的管理体制,以期建立一个更加完善的中国乒乓球职业化管理体制。

The Managed System Analysis of Table-tennis Professionalization in Foreign Countries

Analyzing the process of professionalization and the features of management system of Japanese and Germany table-tennis sport,we find that the two countries are in the lead,comparing with Chinese.They have their experience of success.The companies and the clubs run the business independently and don't depend on the capital of their government.They also have perfect organizations of league table-tennis matches.Their government interferences little.Their table-tennis players have strong senses of their career and their career last longer than our players'.The rules of league table-tennis matches are perfect.However,some obvious deficiencies also exist with the development of table-tennis professionalization.The structures of the clubs are not perfect and it is hard for the companies and the clubs to make profit.The market of table-tennis is small.Even though the professionalization of table-tennis has developed greatly in those two countries,it doesn't promote this sport around the countries.In order to expedite the rapid development of Chinese table-tennis,it's necessary for us to learn the western mature management of these sports,and then we can set up a better management system of Chinese table-tennis.