在市场中确定成本约束的研究生学费定价与财政资助--解决成本分担比例问题的第二种技术方案

研究生教育是准公共产品,基于准公共产品第二种定义所提出的方案主张研究生学费定价和财政补贴可分立操作.研究生学费可首先单独建立在研究生教育是私人产品基础上,学费是学校根据学生需求和劳动力市场需求所确定的市场化价格,生均成本在市场中确定并且不高于学费;同时,针对不同学校、不同专业所产生的不同外部性,政府有针对性地单独用财政进行补贴以保证某种外部性的充足供给.竞争市场对私人收益和外部性的恰当反映成为确定学费与财政资助的依据.此方案将学费和生均成本决定权交给市场(学费等于生均成本),而将财政资助决定权保留给政府,财政资助成为对成本的分担.本文以比较的方法对美国华盛顿州正在实践中的宏观研究生学费定价政策进行了分析.

A Pricing Model of Tuition and Financial Aid of Graduate Education: Deciding Unit Cost Restriction in the Market

The second definition of quasi-public good is private good with positive externalities.Graduate Education is quasi-public good,thus institutions of higher learning can set tuition as price of private good according to students'needs and labor market separately.Unit cost is restricted in the market and is equal to or lower than tuition.Government can decide financial allocation as subsidies for different externalities of different university and different areas of graduate education separately.This is the second model to solve the reasonable cost-sharing proportion problem.The policies of tuition and fees of graduation education in Washington State of American is a case of this model.This article makes a comparative analysis of the practice undergoing in Washington State.