阳明心学与劝善运动

在晚明时代的劝善运动中,阳明将目光关注于下层社会秩序如何重建,他利用谕俗文等形式,强调劝善惩恶应双管齐下,通过记录彰善、纠过的道德手册以改造民风;与强调良知自律的心学主张不同,阳明强调在道德行为的背后自有神明诛殛及余庆余殃的果报规律存在;为实现端正人心、安排秩序这一心学理论的终极理想,可以充分利用戏子等通俗文化以激发起人们的良知,通俗文化中所蕴含的因果报应,秋毫不爽的果报思想是极易感化人心的。心学与劝善的密切结合充分表明道德与宗教的关系问题正提上议事日程,而德福如何一致应是儒学不得不面临的重大理论问题。

Wang Yangming's Mentalism and Campaign of Advocating Charity

In the Campaign of Advocating Charity in the late Ming Dynasty,Wang Yangming focused his concern on re-construction of order in lower society.He emphasized a double action of advocating charity and punishing the evil by means of notices to the commons and tried to transform folk styles by means of moral handbooks recording defects and prizing merits.In contrast to his mentalist idea stressing conscience and self-control,Wang emphasized the presence of karma behind moral conduct.In order to realize his menta...